Radiology Illustrated: Nutcracker Phenomenon and Nutcracker Syndrome
The nutcracker phenomenon (NCP) is an accentuated phenomenon of normal subtle compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery. The nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a syndrome caused by NCP, resulting in hematuria, proteinuria, or left flank pain.
The established diagnostic criterion of NCP is a pressure gradient more than 3 mmHG across the compression site, and NCS has been known to be rare, but probably is not rare and in fact quite common. The most important reason why NCS is known to be rare is that the diagnosis is difficult unless invasive venous catheterization and pressure measurement confirm the pressure gradient. Doppler ultrasound is useful in measuring the flow velocity of LRV. From the velocity measured by Doppler ultrasound, we may estimate the pressure gradient. Doppler ultrasound of LRV needs technical skills and experience. Computed tomography (CT) is a popular imaging technique for patients with hematuria, and we need to be familiar with the findings of the NCP at CT. There are variations of NCP associated with vascular anatomy and posture of the patients. This book will illustrate the concepts of NCP and NCS, findings at Doppler ultrasound and CT, and variations of NCP.
Избранные страницы
Prevalence of NCP and NCS
Left Renal Vein LRV
Diagnostic Techniques and Criteria
Doppler Ultrasound
CT and MRI Findings
Subtypes of NCP and NCS
Postural Variations of NCP and NCS
Other Variations of NCP and NCS
Severe NCP Occlusion of LRV
NCP and NCS in Members of the Same Family
NCPRelated or Associated Diseases
Management of NCS
Asymptomatic Hematuria and Proteinuria
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NCP Associated with Congenital Variations of LRV and IVC
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Seung Hyup Kim, M.D., Ph.D., is currently Professor Emeritus of Radiology and Urology at Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Dr. Kim received his M.D. in 1979, his master’s degree in 1982, and his Ph.D. in 1988 at Seoul National University (SNU). He completed his internship and residency at the Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) and became a board-certified radiologist in 1983. After his military service, he became an instructor in radiology at the SNU in 1987, spent one year as a visiting radiologist at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and advanced through the academic standings to become a professor of radiology, a professor of urology, and Associate Dean of SNU (2002–2004). Dr. Kim served as the Chair of the Department of Radiology for 2 years (2008–2010) and Vice President of the SNUH for 3 years (2010–2013).
Dr. Kim was the Secretary General of the 11th Congress of the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB 2006 Seoul). He was one of the key members in upgrading the Korean Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (KSUM) and transforming the KSUM annual congress to an international one with the slogan of “KSUM Open,” adopting English as the language of the congress. From the year 2001, he contributed to the Asian Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (AFSUMB) as a council member, treasurer, secretary, and president (2012–2014). In WFUMB, he has contributed as a councilor, vice president, and chair and as a member of various committees. From September 2019 to May 2021, he served as the President of WFUMB
The main subspecialty of Dr. Kim is urogenital imaging and intervention, and he has 401 publications and 11 monographs to his credit. His main works are Radiology Illustrated: Uroradiology and Radiology Illustrated: Gynecologic Imaging.
DESIGN A NUTCRACKER!! Drawing Starter Pages!
My kids LOVED this art lesson! The starter pages were a great jumping off point so the kids could focus on their design.
— Emily G.
Rated 5 out of 5
My students loved creating their own nutcracker. They found the examples provided to be very helpful and I was AMAZED at what their finished products looked like! Very impressed.
— Angela M.
Rated 5 out of 5
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Description
NUTCRACKERS ARE FUN to create! With this set of blanks children can draw, their own. Size and outside structure guidelines are provided so the focus can be on the features and the coloring! Included are facial features drawn out to demonstrate to your students or share virtually. Break the eyes, nose, and mouth into lines and shapes. This is a 7 page PDF file that contains: 2 blank close up starter pages 2 blank upper body starter pages 2 full color guides 1 face guide sheet Be sure to pair with a beautiful Nutcracker book or video and color in the border! Amazing art samples here are from a third grade class; 8 year old students! This is perfect for virtual, hybrid or home school. Use it on your smart board to brainstorm ideas or post it to your google classroom. Terms of Use: These documents are for Personal Classroom or Home Use and should not be altered, shared for profit, or resold in any format. Thank you for your support and respect. For more art lessons, tips or ideas go to IG @2art.chambers Did you know you earn credits for each review? Would love to hear from you!
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